阿羅漢Rakan (arhats)

In Buddhism, an Arhat (Sanskrit: अर्हत्) or Arahant (Pali: अरहंत्, 𑀅𑀭𑀳𑀦𑁆𑀢𑁆) is one who has gained insight into the nature of existence, has achieved nirvana, and has been liberated from the endless cycle of rebirth.

The understanding of the concept has changed over the centuries, and varies between different schools of Buddhism and different regions. A range of views on the attainment of arhats existed in the early Buddhist schools. Schools derived from the Mahāsāṃghika (such as the Ekavyāvahārika, Lokottaravāda, Bahuśrutīya, Prajñaptivāda, and Caitika), the Kāśyapīya, and the Sarvāstivāda accepted the fallibility and imperfection of arhats. The Dharmaguptaka sect believed that "the Buddha and those of the Two Vehicles, although they have one and the same liberation, have followed different noble paths." The Mahīśāsaka and the Theravāda regarded arhats and buddhas as having attained the same liberation, though differing in the path taken and the qualities developed along the way.

Mahayana Buddhist teachings urge followers to take up the path of a bodhisattva, and to not fall back to the level of arhats and śrāvakas.

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