Shikinaen: Ryukyuan Landscape Garden 識名園: 琉球庭園

terrain, and vegetation that give it important status in Japanese garden culture. It was built in 1799 as a royal villa, on a plateau south of Shuri Castle overlooking picturesque rural villages. It was close enough to the palace in Shuri to make frequent visits possible and was intended for recreational use by the royal family as well as foreign guests. Through much of its history, Ryukyu maintained dependent relations with both China and Japan. Both relationships had specific diplomatic requirements, and Shikinaen was designed with receptions for envoys from the emperor of China in mind.

The garden exhibits both Japanese and Chinese features. Its overall plan is influenced by traditional Japanese gardens, integrating distant landscapes into the view, and featuring circuitous paths dotted with carefully composed vantage points for the appreciation of different seasonal plants and natural environments. Several focal elements, however, are derived from Chinese prototypes. Viewed as a whole, the result is a distinctively Ryukyuan garden designed around a stunning pond that unites the entire composition. In many ways, a visit to Shikinaen is like experiencing Ryukyu in microcosm.

Shikinaen was completely destroyed during the Battle of Okinawa in 1945. Twenty years of extensive restoration work began in 1975, and Sho Hiroshi (1918–1997), the great-grandson of the last king of the Ryukyu Kingdom, Sho Tai (1843–1901), donated the garden to the city of Naha in 1992. It was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000.